DIE PSYCHOLOGISCHEN GRÜNDE DER SCHLAFLOSIGKEIT

Sin duda fuente más frecuente del insomnio - alguna forma de la inquietud intelectual o emocional. Puesto que una causa primaria biológica del sueño consiste para conceder al cerebro la posibilidad descansar, no es asombroso probablemente que una consecuencia de la mente se inquietada debe serse inquietado el sueño.

Debo tener prisa indicar que en el uso de tales términos como no propongo "la inquietud intelectual" o "la agitación psicológica", ninguna extensión de la imaginación que las personas con el insomnio son así a los alienados o que sus problemas del sueño - "todo en sus mentes." Muy de vuelta. El insomnio - muy real, y muy ampliamente experto, el fenómeno. Que sufren del insomnio duermen realmente menos que otras personas, como es medido no sólo su propia percepción, sino también es clínico y del punto de vista científico en los laboratorios del sueño. Y además las víctimas del insomnio no tienen esperas irrealizables o las creencias sobre lo que compone el sueño de la noche buena; las investigaciones han mostrado que que sufren del insomnio desean solamente la misma cantidad del sueño como otras personas.

Mientras que es justo que el insomnio - el rasgo de muchos desajustes serios de la mentalidad, incluso la depresión clínica, puede también aparecer, cuando la vida en la relación psicológica de la persona sana es insólito напряжена o es rellenada por la tensión. A menudo las personas con desórdenes del sueño han llevado las situaciones que se preocupan, sobre que no tenían ningún control — la vida infeliz de casa durante la infancia, para el ejemplo / la presión que se aumenta y el ritmo de la sociedad de hoy añade a la carga universal intelectual. El objetivo primario marcar el insomnio como en parte considerable psiquiátrico en el origen no consiste para suponer que desorden es ilusorio o que su víctima es mentalmente inquietado, pero atraer la atención a los tipos de la terapia, que tienen una grande oportunidad del seguimiento.

Con esto en la memoria, entonces, me permiten continuar describir algunos de los modelos conductistas y las relaciones intelectuales, que comunican con a menudo el insomnio. Probablemente reconocéis este un o más de diablo en usted directamente o en el querido, que sufre desde las noches de insomnio. Si así, sois más adaptados concentrarse en la causa del problema — el primer paso a la decisión de esto.

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PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES OF INSOMNIA: HOWARD’S SLEEP PATTERN

Financial pressure caused Howard to work doubly hard. The added strain of a difficult boss exacerbated his gastrointestinal disorder, which, ironically, made the boss even harder to deal with. The escalating conflict led to Howard's termination, which in turn led to increasing financial pressure and, ultimately, to insomnia.

Obviously a complex case such as Howard's could not be resolved overnight. Merely advising Howard that he should have told his boss off or channeled his hostility into some constructive activity would have served no purpose. In the course of our conversations, however, this patient began to realize that he had been carrying a huge emotional burden by himself. Somewhere along the line he had been taught that to complain or ask for support from another person, especially his wife, was a sign of weakness which would mark him as unfit to support a family.

I explained to Howard that suppressing emotions has the unpleasant, and potentially dangerous, consequence of stimulating that part of our nervous system, the autonomic system, which is responsible for our unconscious activities such as heartbeat and breathing. We might feel anger and want to lash out at someone. If we trap that energy within, however, our bodies must find a way to expend it; they do so by increasing the activity in the systems not in our conscious control, including those regulating muscle tension and the constriction of blood vessels. Such activity tends to reach its peak at the end of the day, with the result that it disrupts our ability to sleep.

With encouragement, Howard began to communicate more openly with his family. As a result several things happened: ways were found to cut back on expenses and reduce the financial pressure to some extent. His wife took a part-time job, something she had wanted to do anyway but had not acted on for fear it would threaten Howard's position as breadwinner. Recently Howard reported that while things are by no means easy, by letting his family know the realities of his situation he discovered a previously unknown dimension of their love and support. His insomnia, I should add, has abated considerably.

Howard's story illustrates another factor of sleep disturbance: Its appearance is often connected to the occurrence of stressful life events. Such events can produce anxiety or depression and can cause us to ruminate about the situation in a cyclic and increasingly frustrating pattern. When people begin to have disturbed sleep, they also begin to worry that they won't get enough rest. In other words, ironically, they lose sleep worrying about whether they are going to lose sleep. Unless they realize that this pattern exists, either through their own efforts or with professional help, such people will continue to suffer.

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